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New Study Coauthored by Bard Professor Felicia Keesing on Rodent-Borne Diseases Shows Connection to Loss of Biodiversity

Felicia Keesing, David and Rosalie Rose Distinguished Professor of Science, Mathematics, and Computing at Bard, has published a study in Science with coauthor Richard S. Ostfeld examining diseases that are spread to people by rodents, and how our destruction of the environment makes those diseases more likely.

“Rodents as a group are infamous as disease-transmitters,” says Keesing. “But not all rodents are created equal. We were able to discern clear patterns in which ones are dangerous, which ones are not, and why.” Ostfeld adds, “Not only are the disease-bearing species predictable, so too are the environmental changes that help them proliferate.”

Many people think of all rodents as vermin, but only a small percentage (about 12%) of rodent species carry pathogens that can make us sick. These disease-causing rodents, including the city rats and house mice that infest human-occupied spaces around the world, tend to thrive when we destroy the natural environment. When biodiversity declines, the species that prosper are typically hosts for pathogens that can also infect people. In their review in Science, Keesing and coauthor Ostfeld explore what we know about this pattern, and how it plays out for three rodent-borne diseases that are all surging in the 21st century—Lassa fever, Lyme disease, and the plague. The results of their synthesis point to the importance of protecting and restoring biodiversity as a critical strategy for protecting our own health.

In their review, Keesing and Ostfeld focus on key traits of rodents that share pathogens with us, including “synanthropy” (living with and benefiting from human environments), while also considering the potential impact of drivers of global change such as climate change and biodiversity loss. Lassa fever, for example, mostly affects people living in West Africa who become sick each year through exposure to a virus shed in the feces and urine of a widespread rodent, the multimammate mouse. Keesing and Ostfeld show that environmental correlations between the virus and the rodent host’s ability to thrive may lead to increasing numbers of people at risk for Lassa fever as suitable habitat expands under global climate change.

Lyme disease, which was first described in the northeastern United States, is also strongly linked to rodents. The disease is caused by a bacterium that is shared with people through the bite of infected ticks. The animal that infects the greatest proportion of ticks is the white-footed mouse, with an infectivity of more than 90%. These mice thrive in human-impacted habitats from which other mammal species have disappeared, another example of how human impacts on the environment often have negative effects on our health.

Plague has caused notorious pandemics in past centuries, but cases of this rodent-borne disease are also surging in the 21st century, particularly in East Africa, northern Asia, and Madagascar. Hundreds of species of rodents can be infected with the bacterium that causes plague, but past pandemics are strongly linked to the spread of black and brown rats, which are also implicated in modern plague hotspots. These rats thrive in human habitats where other animals cannot.

The authors focus their review on rodent-borne diseases but the patterns they describe are true of other diseases as well, including diseases affecting wildlife, livestock, and plants. Species that thrive when we destroy natural habitats tend to be species that are also likely to spread pathogens. This gives renewed urgency to efforts to protect and restore natural environments around the world. Keesing states: “This review affirms that we need to act now on the knowledge that damaging the environment increases disease transmission and threatens our health.”

Post Date: 09-19-2024

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Bard Physicists Paul Cadden-Zimansky, Li-Heng Henry Chang ’23, Ziyu Xu ’23, and Shea Roccaforte ’21 Coauthor Cover Story in the American Journal of Physics

Associate Professor of Physics Paul Cadden-Zimansky and three recent Bard graduates in physics and mathematics Li-Heng Henry Chang ’23, Ziyu Xu ’23, and Shea Roccaforte ’21, have coauthored the cover story in the July 2024 issue of the American Journal of Physics. Their peer-reviewed research article, “Geometric visualizations of single and entangled qubits,” presents a new way of visualizing the phenomenon of quantum entanglement between two interacting objects. Intended for a range of audiences—from students just starting to learn about concepts in quantum mechanics to active researchers who are using quantum bits ("qubits") to create new types of computers, sensors, and secure communication systems—the article focuses on visual tools and maps that can be used to complement the formal mathematics and algebra of quantum mechanics.

Post Date: 07-09-2024

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Felicia Keesing Speaks to the Washington Post about Mitigating Impacts of Climate Change to Lower Disease Risk

A newly published scientific study looks at the ways in which environmental problems, ravaged ecosystems, and biodiversity losses due to climate change and other human activities can compound infectious disease risks, including increasing the likelihood of future pandemics. The Washington Post writes about the study’s findings and quotes Felicia Keesing, David and Rosalie Rose Distinguished Professor of Science, Mathematics, and Computing at Bard. “This adds to a very long list of reasons we should be rapidly moving away from fossil fuels and trying to mitigate the impacts of climate change,” said Keesing, who was not involved in the study but whose research focuses on biodiversity and disease risks.

Post Date: 05-15-2024